Bear marks in caves provide invaluable insights into the behavior, ecology, and environmental interactions of both modern and extinct bear species. This study examines bear traces in Greek caves, including claw scratches, polished surfaces, and denning pits, attributed primarily to the brown bear (Ursus arctos). Over 24 years of cave exploration, such traces were identified in fewer than 0.5% of surveyed caves (n ≥ 1,200), highlighting their rarity and ecological significance. Comparative analysis with analogue sites across Europe underscores consistent patterns in territorial and grooming behaviors. Territorial behavior refers to marking space with claw marks and scent, while grooming behavior involves rubbing against surfaces to maintain fur condition. However, the presence of polished surfaces raises questions about possible anthropogenic origin. These findings contribute to ichnological research by documenting bear activity in Greece. Although some traces may be modern and thus primarily ethological in value, others may represent older episodes of cave use with paleoenvironmental relevance. Challenges in dating and taxonomic attribution emphasize the need for interdisciplinary approaches to better interpret these marks as proxies for past ecological and climatic conditions.
- Volume 37
- Issue 8
- Pages 1-9
- Publication Date 9 June 2026
- DOI 10.2192/URSUS-D-24-00002R1
- File Size 1.21 MB
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