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The Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) has a human-induced fragmented distribution along the Andes Cordillera. A viable conservation strategy for this species can be achieved through natural protected areas. On the assumption that Andean bears have large home ranges and low-density populations, a conservation strategy designed to protect isolated areas may not preserve bear populations. To maintain viable bear populations in the Andes, it is probably necessary to maintain the connectivity of protected areas to other surrounding natural areas. In the Andes Cordillera there are many designated conservation areas. It is necessary to know how many of them are capable of supporting bear populations. I identified 42 conservation units for Andean bear, ranging between 100-25,360 km2, but the number of units with a significant role in bear conservation may be <15 in the whole species range. A major goal must be to increase the effective area of suitable habitat for bear conservation. This may be achieved by establishing ecoregional systems of protected areas whereby the conservation units are legally and physically connected. Such a conservation scheme to protect the Andean bear as a flagship species would benefit most of the terrestrial non-flying Andean species. Additionally, human social benefits may be achieved with this approach. These benefits include essential watershed protection for hydropower systems, irrigation, and human consumption, as well as the protection of natural landscapes. The latter is the basis for international and local tourism, which in turn may help to support sustainable rural development.