Grizzly Bear Recovery Planning in the British Columbia Portion of the North Cascades: Lessons Learned and Re-Learned

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The process of recovering small populations of grizzly bears such as the one occupying the North Cascades Mountains of southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington is a long-term one from both biological and social perspectives, and carries uncertain prospects for success. I describe the development of a grizzly bear recovery plan for the British Columbia portion of the North Cascades Ecosystem and assess the strengths and weaknesses of the approach used. I discuss common challenges for any effort to recover a small grizzly bear population and suggest ways to address these challenges and to build successful recovery plans for remnant and extirpated grizzly bear populations.