Computer-Assisted Management and Analysis of Biological Data for Bears

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Statistical Analysis System (SAS) was used to provide continuous inventory, manipulation, and analysis of a wide range of biological information for black bears (Ursus americanus). We developed a computer-formatted field capture sheet to reduce transcribing effort and encoding errors, and to expedite data access. The system was flexible, easy to use, and versatile, allowing one to (1) update the data base, (2) detect and allow error correction, (3) handle missing values, (4) sort and combine data into different formats, and (5) produce reports and color graphics. Programs to locate errors included sorting variables into a formatted output to facilitate visual detection. The data base can be interfaced with statistical programs (SAS, SPSS), analysis systems for mark-recapture data, and telemetry, habitat, and land-use planning systems. Using a standardized data system optimizes preproject planning, consistency, and experimental design considerations for long-term projects. The SAS format is widely used, readily available, and enhances interdisciplinary interactions. Computerized data systems facilitate integrated information management for a broad range of research and management objectives and maximum resource input to ensure comprehensive management decisions.