Human-brown bear conflicts in the North of Iran: Implication for conflict management
Identifying factors that influence human-wildlife conflict and people’s attitudes toward carnivores can help managers mitigate conflicts and improve wildlife management. In this study, we used a questionnaire and conducted 230 interviews to evaluate some aspects of conflicts between local communities and brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Mazandaran Province in the Alborz Mountains in northern Iran […]
Brown bear body patches are temporally stable and represent a unique individual visual signature
Patches of color may be used to communicate to conspecifics, mainly in species showing uniform coloration, and may (a) help individuals maintain visual contact, such as between mothers and their young; (b) function as signals of subordination or to frighten rivals; (c) warn conspecifics of approaching predators; and/or (d) signal reproductive condition, health, or genetic […]